Intracellular Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate in Dried Blood Spots Following Tenofovir Alafenamide: The TAF-DBS Study
Jenna Yager, José Castillo‐Mancilla, Mustafa E. Ibrahim, Kristina M. Brooks, Cricket McHugh, Mary Morrow, Scott McCallister, Lane R. Bushman, Samantha MaWhinney, Jennifer J. Kiser, Peter L. Anderson
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), in combination with FTC, was recently approved for PrEP in the United States. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) and emtricitabine-triphosphate (FTC-TP) in dried blood spots (DBS) with adherence to TAF/FTC. METHODS: TAF-DBS was a randomized, crossover clinical study of TFV-DP in DBS, following directly observed dosing of 33%, 67%, or 100% of daily TAF (25 mg)/FTC (200 mg). Healthy volunteers were randomized to 2 different, 12-week dosing regimens, separated by a 12-week washout. DBS were collected weekly. TFV-DP and FTC-TP were extracted from two 7-mm punches and assayed with LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: Thirty-seven participants (17 female, 7 African American, and 6 Hispanic) were included. TFV-DP exhibited a mean half-life of 20.8 days (95% confidence interval: 19.3 to 21.3). The slope for TFV-DP versus dosing arm was 1.14 (90% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.21). The mean (SD) TFV-DP after 12 weeks was 657 (186), 1451 (501), and 2381 (601) fmol/2 7-mm punches for the 33%, 67%, and 100% arms. The following adherence interpretations are proposed: <450 fmol/punches, <2 doses/wk; 450-949 fmol/punches, 2-3 doses/wk; 950-1799 fmol/punches, 4-6 doses/wk; and ≥1800 fmol/punches, 7 doses/wk. FTC-TP was quantifiable for 1 week after drug cessation in 50%, 92%, and 100% of participants in the 33%, 67%, and 100% arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: TFV-DP in DBS after TAF/FTC exhibited a long half-life and was linearly associated with dosing, similar to its predecessor tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. FTC-TP was quantifiable for up to 1 week after drug cessation. Together, these moieties provide complementary measures of cumulative adherence and recent dosing for TAF/FTC.