Co-pyrolysis of polymers: Recent advances, challenges and perspectives
Ningxin Zhao, Sze Shin Low, Chung Lim Law, Tao Wu, Cheng Heng Pang
Abstract
In recent decades, the use of polymers, including plastics and tires, has dramatically increased. Large quantities of plastic and tire waste are generated and enter the environment, causing long-lasting ecological problems for mankind because they are extremely difficult to degrade naturally. It is imperative to find a solution to handle and recycle waste plastics and tires. Co -pyrolysis of polymers with biomass, coal and other materials is a promising method for recovering polymers and producing fuels and other value-added materials. This review focuses on various types of polymer co-pyrolysis, such as plastic-biomass, plastic-coal, tire-biomass, tire-coal, and plastic-tire co-pyrolysis. The study pays attention to the kinetics calculation and synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis. Furthermore, the influence of factors such as temperature, reactants, and catalysts on the co-pyrolysis process is discussed. The study also delves into the solid, liquid, and gaseous products of co-pyrolysis and explores potential applications. Additionally, the application of machine learning in co-pyrolysis research is highlighted. The goal is to provide viable pathways for the efficient recycling of polymers, enhance waste management, and achieve synergistic effects in energy and value-added product recovery. • Co-pyrolysis improves oil yield and fuel quality via feedstock synergy. • Gas composition varies by polymer type, enabling targeted fuel applications. • Char products show potential as adsorbents or carbon-based materials. • Machine learning predicts product yields, but input data limits accuracy. • Future work should focus on improving the quality of oil, gas, and char products.