Line-of-Sight Probability and Holding Distance in Non-Terrestrial Networks
Akram Al‐Hourani
Abstract
Modeling the stochastic behavior of Line-of-Sight (LoS) availability holds significant importance in evaluating the performance of non-terrestrial networks (NTN), encompassing both satellite and UAV links. This letter presents a novel framework for quantifying LoS probability in diverse urban settings, utilizing a practical visual (camera-based) approach across varying elevation angles. Additionally, a novel technique is introduced to characterize LoS states through a continuous-space Markov chain. This approach incorporates key parameters such as the mean holding distance of LoS state and its distribution. Furthermore, the letter outlines a practical methodology for emulating transitions between LoS and non-LoS states as users move through the propagation environment. Such emulation is essential for accurately modeling the performance of next-generation NTN networks across different urban scenarios.