Neurophotonic Tools for Microscopic Measurements and Manipulation: Status Report
Ahmed S. Abdelfattah, Srinivasa Rao Allu, Robert E. Campbell, Xiaojun Cheng, Tomáš Čižmár, Irene Costantini, Valentina Emiliani, Natalie Fomin-Thunemann, Ariel Gilad, Tomás Fernández-Alfonso, Christopher Ferri, Andrew Harris, Elizabeth M. C. Hillman, Matthew G. Holt, Kıvılcım Kılıç, Evan W. Miller, Rickson C. Mesquita, K. M. Naga Srinivas Nadella, U. Valentin Nägerl, Citlali Pérez Campos, Francesca Puppo, Shy Shoham, R. Angus Silver, Vivek J. Srinivasan, Martin Thunemann, Lei Tian, Sergei A. Vinogradov, Flavia Vitale, Hana Uhlířová, Chris Xu, Mu-Han Yang, Yongxin Zhao, Sapna Ahuja, Taner Akkin, Joshua Brake, David A. Boas, Erin M. Buckley, Anderson I. Chen, Massimo De Vittorio, Anna Devor, Patrick Doran, Mirna El Khatib, Yeshaiahu Fainman, Xue Han, Ute Hochgeschwender, Na Ji, Evelyn Lake, Lei Li, Tianqi Li, Philipp Mächler, Yusuke Nasu, Axel Nimmerjahn, Petra Ondráčková, Francesco S. Pavone, Darcy S. Peterka, Filippo Pisano, Ferruccio Pisanello, Bernardo L. Sabatini, Sanaz Sadegh, Sava Sakadžić, Sanaya N. Shroff, Ruth R. Sims, Spencer L. Smith, Lin Tian, Thomas Troxler, Antoine M. Valera, Alipasha Vaziri, Lihong V. Wang, Changhuei Yang, Gary Yellen, Ofer Yizhar
Abstract
Neurophotonics was launched in 2014 coinciding with the launch of the BRAIN Initiative focused on development of technologies for advancement of neuroscience. For the last seven years, Neurophotonics' agenda has been well aligned with this focus on neurotechnologies featuring new optical methods and tools applicable to brain studies. While the BRAIN Initiative 2.0 is pivoting towards applications of these novel tools in the quest to understand the brain, this status report reviews an extensive and diverse toolkit of novel methods to explore brain function that have emerged from the BRAIN Initiative and related large-scale efforts for measurement and manipulation of brain structure and function. Here, we focus on neurophotonic tools mostly applicable to animal studies. A companion report, scheduled to appear later this year, will cover diffuse optical imaging methods applicable to noninvasive human studies. For each domain, we outline the current state-of-the-art of the respective technologies, identify the areas where innovation is needed, and provide an outlook for the future directions.