Rift Valley Fever Virus Infects the Posterior Segment of the Eye and Induces Inflammation in a Rat Model of Ocular Disease
Madeline M. Schwarz, Kaleigh A. Connors, Katherine Davoli, Cynthia M. McMillen, Joseph R. Albe, Ryan M. Hoehl, Matthew J. Demers, Safder S. Ganaie, David A. Price, Daisy W. Leung, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Anita K. McElroy, Douglas S. Reed, Amy L. Hartman
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection leads to eye damage in humans in up to 10% of reported cases. Permanent blindness occurs in 50% of individuals with significant retinal scarring. Despite the prevalence and severity of this outcome, very little is known about the mechanisms of pathogenesis. We addressed this gap by developing a rodent model of ocular disease. Subcutaneous infection of Sprague Dawley rats resulted in infection of the uvea, retina, and optic nerve along with the induction of inflammation within the posterior eye. Infection of human ocular cells induced inflammatory responses and required host entry factors for RVFV infection similar to rodents. This work provides evidence of how RVFV infects the eye, and this information can be applied to help mitigate the devastating outcomes of RVF ocular disease through vaccines or treatments.