Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Extracted from Soil and Aquatic Environments: Current Advances as well as Emerging Trends
Rohit Kumar Verma, Mahipal Singh Sankhla, Ekta B. Jadhav, Kapil Parihar, Kumud Kant Awasthi, S Khan, A Hesham, M Qiao, S Rehman, J He, D Salt, M Blaylock, N Kumar, V Dushenkov, B Ensley, I Chet, I Raskin, I Raskin, P Kumar, S Dushenkov, D Salt, S Cunningham, W Berti, J Huang, S Cunningham, D Ow, A Sirko, R Brodzik, C Seth, P Kumar Chaturvedi, V Misra, V Ghre, U Paszkowski, B Nyarko, S Dampare, Y Serfor-Armah, S Osae, D Adotey, D Adomako, K.-H Kim, R Ebinghaus, W Schroeder, P Blanchard, H Kock, A Steffen, F Froude, M.-Y Kim, S Hong, J.-H Kim, S Ahluwalia, D Goyal, P Kumar, A Deep, K Kim, R Brown, J Yoon, X Cao, Q Zhou, L Ma, M Jamali, T Kazi, M Arain, H Afridi, N Jalbani, G Kandhro, A Shah, J Baig, F Ekmekyapar, T Sabudak, G Seren, A Srivastav, T Kaur, L Rani, A Kumar, S Chowdhury, M Mazumder, O Al-Attas, T Husain, S Kim, C Park, M Jang, A Son, N Her, M Yu, S Snyder, D.-H Kim, Y Yoon, R Khanam, A Kumar, A Nayak, M Shahid, R Tripathi, S Vijayakumar, D Bhaduri, U Kumar, S Mohanty, P Panneerselvam, M Ranjan, P Singh, A Srivastav
Abstract
Quick industrial development, current farming practices, and other anthropogenic events enhance an important number of poisonous heavy metals in the atmosphere, which persuades severe poisonous effect on all the forms of living beings, which change the properties. This type of heavy metal pollution has ecological dangers as well as affects human health. Heavy metal contamination is mutagenic, endocrine, carcinogenic, and teratogenic, which causes nervous health problems mostly in kids. Further, an appropriate method for the remediation of adulteration of water along with soil is phytoremediation. In addition, it has been progressively utilized. Phytoremediation helps to improve the contaminated soil and water by the extraction of contaminating heavy metals, which is called phytoextraction and their phytostabilisation. Phytoremediation is based on many processes, and it is very eco-friendly, cost-effective, and economical. In this review, we aim to explain the detailed study of phytoremediation and current approaches.