Metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis: implications for the management of an increasingly common phenotype
Casey L. Peiris, Adam G Culvenor
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is an accumulation of three or more seemingly benign and relatively common conditions (central obesity, hypertension, raised triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, glucose intolerance) that, together, increase the risk of developing serious chronic disease. 1 Alberti K.G. Eckel R.H. Grundy S.M. et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009; 120: 1640-1645 Crossref PubMed Scopus (10843) Google Scholar It is estimated that one-quarter of adults worldwide have metabolic syndrome 2 O’Neill S. O’Driscoll L. Metabolic syndrome: a closer look at the growing epidemic and its associated pathologies. Obes Rev. 2015; 16: 1-12 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1047) Google Scholar —a concerning statistic considering that this population is five times more likely to develop diabetes, and two-to-three times more likely to develop heart disease, stroke, and certain cancers. 1 Alberti K.G. Eckel R.H. Grundy S.M. et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009; 120: 1640-1645 Crossref PubMed Scopus (10843) Google Scholar , 2 O’Neill S. O’Driscoll L. Metabolic syndrome: a closer look at the growing epidemic and its associated pathologies. Obes Rev. 2015; 16: 1-12 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1047) Google Scholar , 3 Esposito K. Chiodini P. Colao A. Lenzi A. Giugliano D. Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35: 2402-2411 Crossref PubMed Scopus (817) Google Scholar , 4 Li X. Li X. Lin H. et al. Metabolic syndrome and stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Clin Neurosci. 2017; 40: 34-38 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (76) Google Scholar