Associations Between Vision and Hearing Impairment and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Longitudinal Cohort of Middle‐Aged and Older Adults in China
Jie He, Xiaoyu Tang, Minglan Jiang, Xiaowei Zheng
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Based on the severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and sensory impairment in China and the lack of research on this, the aims of our study were to assess the impact of hearing impairment (HI), visual impairment (VI), and concurrent HI and VI (termed dual sensory impairment) on CVD in elderly people, based on a representative sample of China. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) for our survey of 11 332 participants. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% 95% CIs for CVD, stroke, and cardiac events by using Cox proportional hazards models. HI and VI status were collected through self-reported questions. During the 7-year follow-up, a total of 2156 participants experienced CVD (including 745 stroke and 1605 cardiac events). Compared with the reference, individuals with VI had higher risk of CVD (HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.09-1.40]). Individuals with HI also had higher risk of CVD than those without HI (HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.09-1.33]). Compared with participants without VI and HI, individuals with dual sensory impairment had a 1.35-fold increased risk of CVD (HR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.16-1.57]). In addition, individuals with dual sensory impairment also had increased risk of stroke and cardiac events. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that HI and VI have a combined effect on the incidence of CVD. Based on the high prevalence of CVD around the world, early detection of sensory disorders and the adoption of appropriate measures may contribute to prevent CVD and reduce the burden of clinical diagnosis and treatment of CVD.