11C-Para-aminobenzoic acid PET imaging of S. aureus and MRSA infection in preclinical models and humans
Ordonez, Alvaro A,; Parker, Matthew FL,; Miller, Robert J,; Plyku, Donika,; Ruiz-Bedoya, Camilo A,; Tucker, Elizabeth W,; Luu, Justin M,; Dikeman, Dustin A,; Lesniak, Wojciech G,; Holt, Daniel P,; Dannals, Robert F,; Miller, Lloyd S,; Rowe, Steven P,; Wilson, David M,; Jain, Sanjay K,
Abstract
Tools for noninvasive detection of bacterial pathogens are needed but are not currently available for clinical use. We have previously shown that para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) rapidly accumulates in a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, motivating the development of related PET radiotracers. In this study, 11C-PABA PET imaging was used to accurately detect and monitor infections due to pyogenic bacteria in multiple clinically relevant animal models. 11C-PABA PET imaging selectively detected infections in muscle, intervertebral discs, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus–infected orthopedic implants. In what we believe to be first-in-human studies in healthy participants, 11C-PABA was safe, well-tolerated, and had a favorable biodistribution, with low background activity in the lungs, muscles, and brain. 11C-PABA has the potential for clinical translation to detect and localize a broad range of bacteria.