Long Non-coding RNAs in the Regulation of the Immune Response and Trained Immunity
Manuel Flores-Concha, Ángel Oñate
Abstract
The lncRNAs are a group of transcripts with low or no coding potential, they are defined as transcripts that exceed 200 nucleotides in length, a cut-off point that distinguishes them from smaller non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) (Mathy and Chen, 2017). Based on its relative position with respect to the genetic loci, the lncRNA can be classified as long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), intronic lncRNAs, antisense lncRNAs and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) Currently, the GENCODE human genome database has 17,960 documented lncRNA genes, a figure that is not so far from 19,959 protein-coding genes (GENCODEv34). LncRNAs participate significantly in various biological processes, including; transcription (Espinoza et al.,