Anticipated reactions to learning Alzheimer’s disease biomarker results
Lindsay R. Clark, Claire M. Erickson, Erin M. Jonaitis, Yue Ma, Nathaniel A. Chin, Kristin E Basche, Frederick B. Ketchum, Carey E. Gleason
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We developed the Alzheimer's Biomarker Survey to assess willingness to enroll in biomarker studies that disclose results and anticipated reactions to an elevated biomarker result. METHODS: Participants included cognitively unimpaired adults enrolled in longitudinal AD studies (n = 334, mean age = 64.8 ± 7.7, 44% non-Hispanic Black or African American). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses determined the latent structure comprising anticipated reactions to learning AD biomarker results. Measurement invariance was tested across racial groups. RESULTS: Two models comprising behavior change and psychological impact fit well for the total sample and the two racial groups. The 2-factor behavior change model assessed constructs of planning and dementia risk-reduction. The 3-factor psychological impact model assessed constructs of distress, cognitive symptoms, and stigma. Both models exhibited measurement invariance across racial groups. DISCUSSION: The 28-item Anticipated Reactions to AD Biomarker Disclosure scale is a reliable and valid measure of anticipated reactions when communicating AD biomarker results to research participants.