Four-Electron Reduction of O₂ Using Distibines in the Presence of <i>ortho</i>-Quinones

Abstract

This study, which aims to identify atypical platforms for the reduction of dioxygen, describes the reaction of O 2 with two distibines, namely, 4,5-bis(diphenylstibino)-2,7-di- tert -butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene and 4,5-bis(diphenylstibino)-2,7-di- tert -butyl-9,9-dimethyldihydroacridine, in the presence of an ortho -quinone such as phenanthraquinone. The reaction proceeds by oxidation of the two antimony atoms to the + V state in concert with reductive cleavage of the O 2 molecule. As confirmed by 18 O labeling experiments, the two resulting oxo units combine with the ortho -quinone to form an α,α,β,β-tetraolate ligand that bridges the two antimony(V) centers. This process, which has been studied both experimentally and computationally, involves the formation of asymmetric, mixed-valent derivatives featuring a stibine as well as a catecholatostiborane formed by oxidative addition of the quinone to only one of the antimony centers. Under aerobic conditions, the catecholatostiborane moiety reacts with O 2 to form a semiquinone/peroxoantimony intermediate, as supported by NMR spectroscopy in the case of the dimethyldihydroacridine derivative. These intermediates swiftly evolve into the symmetrical bis(antimony(V)) α,α,β,β-tetraolate complexes via low barrier processes. Finally, the controlled protonolysis and reduction of the bis(antimony(V)) α,α,β,β-tetraolate complex based on the 9,9-dimethylxanthene platform have been investigated and shown to regenerate the starting distibine and the ortho -quinone. More importantly, these last reactions also produce two equivalents of water as the product of O 2 reduction.

Topics & Concepts