Biodegradable magnesium fixation screw for barrier membranes used in guided bone regeneration
Željka Perić Kačarević, Patrick Rider, Akiva Elad, Dražen Tadić, Daniel Rothamel, Gerrit Sauer, Fabien Bornert, Péter Windisch, Dávid Botond Hangyási, Bálint Molnár, Till Kämmerer, Bernhard Hesse, Emely Bortel, Marco Bartosch, Frank Witte
Abstract
An ideal fixation system for guided bone (GBR) regeneration in oral surgery must fulfil several criteria that includes the provision of adequate mechanical fixation, complete resorption when no longer needed, complete replacement by bone, as well as be biocompatible and have a good clinical manageability. For the first time, a biodegradable magnesium fixation screw made of the magnesium alloy WZM211 with a MgF2 coating has been designed and tested to fulfill these criteria. Adequate mechanical fixation was shown for the magnesium fixation screw in several benchtop tests that directly compared the magnesium fixation screw with an equivalent polymeric resorbable device. Results demonstrated slightly superior mechanical properties of the magnesium device in comparison to the polymeric device even after 4 weeks of degradation. Biocompatibility of the magnesium fixation screw was demonstrated in several in vitro and in vivo tests. Degradation of the magnesium screw was investigated in in vitro and in vivo tests, where it was found that the screw is resorbed slowly and completely after 52 weeks, providing adequate fixation in the early critical healing phase. Overall, the magnesium fixation screw demonstrates all of the key properties required for an ideal fixation screw of membranes used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) surgeries.