Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
Kostya S. Novoselov, A. K. Geǐm, С. В. Морозов, Da Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, А. А. Firsov
Abstract
We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10(13) per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of approximately 10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.
Topics & Concepts
Electric fieldGrapheneMaterials scienceFullereneField-effect transistorCarbon fibersNanotechnologyBallistic conductionMetalField (mathematics)Thin filmCondensed matter physicsTransistorChemical physicsOptoelectronicsChemistryPhysicsComposite materialElectronVoltageComposite numberQuantum mechanicsMetallurgyPure mathematicsMathematicsOrganic chemistryGraphene research and applicationsCarbon Nanotubes in CompositesFullerene Chemistry and Applications