Materials and Energy-Centric Life Cycle Assessment for Drones: A Review
Ajitanshu Vedrtnam, Harsha Negi, Kishor Kalauni
Abstract
The rapid expansion of drone applications across industries such as defense, healthcare, construction, agriculture, and surveillance has intensified the need for advanced materials that enhance performance while minimizing environmental impact. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of materials used in drone construction, categorizing them based on their application in key components such as frames, propellers, wings, and structural supports. An energy-centric life cycle assessment (LCA) examines the environmental footprint of drone materials, emphasizing energy use, emissions, and recyclability. The review highlights the trade-offs between mechanical performance and environmental impact, identifying materials that optimize structural efficiency while reducing environmental impact. Additionally, emerging sustainable alternatives such as bio-based composites and recycled carbon fibers are explored as potential solutions for next-generation UAV design. By addressing existing research gaps, this study aims to guide the development of environmentally responsible drone manufacturing technologies. The findings offer valuable insights into optimizing drone materials for enhanced environmental efficiency, supporting the transition toward more energy-efficient and eco-friendly UAVs.