Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review
Mohamad Arif Kasri, Muhammad Zharfan Mohd Halizan, Irina Harun, Fadzli Irwan Bahrudin, Nuraini Daud, Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin, Siti Nur Amira Shaffee, Norazah Abd Rahman, Saiful Arifin Shafiee, Mohd Muzamir Mahat
Abstract
. Therefore, the alternative electrochemical method has gained growing attention, as it involves a more straightforward operation leveraging ion-selective features and employing water as the main reagent, which is seen as more environmentally benign. Despite this, intensive efforts are still required to advance the electrochemical method toward commercialisation. This review highlights the key points in the electrochemical method that demand attention, including the feasibility of a large-scale setup, consideration of the substantial volume of electrolyte consumption, the design of membranes with the desired features, a suitable layout of the membrane, and the absence of techno-economic assessments for the electrochemical method. The perspectives presented herein provide a crucial understanding of the challenges of advancing the technological readiness level of the electrochemical method.