Biomimetic CaCO3 microspheres as a promising delivery system for catalase: Immobilization, kinetic studies and potential perspectives in oxidative stress diseases
Heidi M. Abdel-Mageed, Nermeen Z. Abuelezz, Sahar M. Abdelraouf, Shahinaze A. Fouad, Amira Emad Abdelaziz, Aliaa Ali El Shamy, Saleh A. Mohamed, Rasha Ali Radwan
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of several illnesses. Catalase (CAT), an antioxidant enzyme, remains a prime target for oxidative stress related therapies. Unfortunately, the labile nature, difficulty in recovering and reusing, and insufficient delivery systems limit its use in therapy. This study used a simple biomineralization process for the synthesis of vaterite porous calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) microspheres (MS) for the development of cross-linked immobilized (CAT-MS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), particle size analysis , and zeta-potential measurements were used for CaCO 3 -MS characterization. CAT was immobilized efficiently with a high immobilization yield (99 %). The immobilized enzyme had a higher Km than free CAT with a 1.7 fold increase in Vmax and Kcat. CAT-MS displayed a longer half-life, efficient reusability, enhanced storage stability, and excellent stability against various denaturants compared to free CAT. Furthermore, CAT-MS demonstrated negligible cytotoxicity in the fibroblast cell line (BJ1), where CAT-MS recorded higher cell viability than free CAT, (p< 0.05) indicating exceptional biocompatibility . This study raises the potential of an eco-friendly approach that enforces wide and safe catalase application in intracellular therapy for treating oxidative stress-associated diseases.