A Miniaturized Triple-Band MIMO Antenna With Dual-Band Circular Polarization for Leadless Pacemaker
Qimao Huang, Hua Li, Daibin Jing, Xiao Ding, Jiangwei Jian, Shaoqiu Xiao
Abstract
This letter presents the development of a tripleband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) implantable antenna with dual-band circular polarisation (CP) performance for leadless pacemakers. The proposed antenna operates across the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (2.4–2.48 GHz), midfield band (1.55–1.75 GHz), and wireless medical telemetry service (WMTS) band (608–614 MHz), respectively. Additionally, the designed antenna features a symmetrical and compact structure that is constructed within a leadless pacemaker and optimised in a realistic human heart phantom. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed antenna achieves impedance bandwidths (IBWs) of 13.33%, 12.5%, and 33.33%, with peak realised gains of –28.9 dBi, –38.4 dBi, and –41.7 dBi at 2.45 GHz, 1.65 GHz, and 610 MHz, respectively. Moreover, the antenna exhibits left-handed circular polarisation (LHCP) functionality at 2.45 GHz and 1.65 GHz. Finally, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured in the minced pork, which verifies the simulated results