Distributed Energy Resources: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

The traditional power grid , characterized by its centralized nature and one-way power flow, has long been the backbone of electricity supply and distribution. Grid operators have historically found various ways to accurately predict demand, anticipate faults, and prepare appropri- ate responses. However, with the rapid integration of Distributed Energy Resources such as Photovoltaic , storage systems, grid-interactive generation, and flexible-load assets, energy consumption and production patterns have become less predictable, transforming the grid into a two-way power flow system. Managing the potential of these Distributed Energy Resources requires advanced management systems that provide monitoring, coordination, and aggregation capabilities to grid operators. Supported by advancements in communication technologies and standardized protocols, utilities, researchers, and manufacturers have developed Distributed Energy Resource management solutions to facilitate the transition to a decentralized, distributed power grid architecture while ensuring grid reliability, stability, and resilience. In this systematic literature review, we explored the deployment of Distributed Energy Resource management systems across various countries, analyzing the lessons learned and future directions for each project. Our review revealed a widespread lack of consensus on terminologies and definitions used to refer to systems aggregating Distributed Energy Resources. To address this, we propose a standardized definition of roles for each technology, elaborating on the distinctions among these systems. This work aims to clarify the landscape of Distributed Energy Resource management technologies and provide a foundation for future research and development in this rapidly evolving field.

Topics & Concepts