EFFECTS OF PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE ON THE COMPOSITION OF LIQUID SMOKE DERIVED FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES
Muhammad Faisal, Asri Gani, Farid Mulana, Hera Desvita, S. Kamaruzzaman
Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin that can be pyrolyzed to produce liquid smoke. This study characterizes the composition of liquid smoke compounds from OPEFB pyrolyzed at various temperatures. OPEFB pyrolysis was performed using slow-reactor pyrolysis at temperatures of 300C, 320C, 340C, 380C, and 420C. The composition of the chemical compounds in the liquid smoke was then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the concentrations of phenol and acetic acid were analyzed using spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The results show that pyrolysis temperature affects the composition of liquid smoke compounds. The GC-MS analysis shows that liquid smoke contains more than 15 chemical compounds, including acetic acid, pyridine, benzene, benzenesulfonic acid, phenol, and toluene. Acetic acid and phenol dominate the composition of the liquid smoke. The HPLC analysis shows that the concentration of acetic acid in liquid smoke produced at the pyrolysis temperatures of 300C, 320C, 340C, 380C, and 420C was 10.727 g/L, 17.994 g/L, 17.423 g/L, and 13.269 g/L, respectively. The highest phenol content was obtained at a temperature pyrolisis of 340C.