An Ion‐Enhanced Oncolytic Virus‐Like Nanoparticle for Tumor Immunotherapy
Fan Wu, Yanli Li, Yun Meng, Xuechao Cai, Jieyun Shi, Jinjin Li, Yang Chen, Li Zhang, Xianfu Meng, Huiyan Li, Xingwu Jiang, Zhenxiao Fu, Yelin Wu, Wenbo Bu
Abstract
Abstract T lymphocytes (T cells) are essential for tumor immunotherapy. However, the insufficient number of activated T cells greatly limits the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Herein, we proposed an oncolytic virus‐mimicking strategy to enhance T cell recruitment and activation for tumor treatment. We constructed an oncolytic virus‐like nanoplatform (PolyIC@ZIF‐8) that was degraded in the acidic tumor environment to release PolyIC and Zn 2+ . The released PolyIC exhibited an oncolytic virus‐like function that induced tumor cell apoptosis and promoted T cell recruitment and activation through a tumor antigen‐dependent manner. More importantly, the released Zn 2+ not only enhanced T cell recruitment by inducing CXCL9/10/11 expression but also promoted T cell activation to increase interferon‐γ (INF‐γ) expression by inducing the phosphorylation of ZAP‐70 via a tumor antigen‐independent manner. This Zn 2+ ‐enhanced oncolytic virus‐mimicking strategy provides a new approach for tumor immunotherapy.