<i>In‐Situ</i> Characterization Techniques for Mechanism Studies of CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation
Rasmeet Singh, Lizhuo Wang, Jun Huang
Abstract
Abstract The paramount concerns of global warming, fossil fuel depletion, and energy crises have prompted the need of hydrocarbons productions via CO 2 conversion. In order to achieve global carbon neutrality, much attention needs to be diverted towards CO 2 management. Catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 is an exciting opportunity to curb the increasing CO 2 and produce value‐added products. However, the comprehensive understanding of CO 2 hydrogenation is still a matter of discussion due to its complex reaction mechanism and involvement of various species. This review comprehensively discusses three processes: reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, modified Fischer Tropsch synthesis (MFTS), and methanol‐mediated route (MeOH) for CO 2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons. Along with analysing the reaction pathways, it is also very important to understand the real‐time evolvement of catalytic process and reaction intermediates by employing in‐situ characterization techniques under actual reaction conditions. Subsequently, in second part of this review, we provided a systematic analysis of advancements in in ‐ situ techniques aimed to monitor the evolution of catalysts during CO 2 reduction process. The section also highlights the key components of in‐situ cells, their working principles, and applications in identifying reaction mechanisms for CO 2 hydrogenation. Finally, by reviewing respective achievements in the field, we identify key gaps and present some future directions for CO 2 hydrogenation and in‐situ studies.