Successful kinetic impact into an asteroid for planetary defence
R. T. Daly, C. M. Ernst, O. S. Barnouin, N. L. Chabot, A. S. Rivkin, A. F. Cheng, Elena Adams, Harrison Agrusa, Elisabeth Abel, Amy L. Alford, Erik Asphaug, Justin Atchison, Andrew R. Badger, Paul Baki, Ronald‐Louis Ballouz, Dmitriy Bekker, Julie Bellerose, Shyam Bhaskaran, B. J. Buratti, Saverio Cambioni, Michelle H. Chen, Steven R. Chesley, George T.‐C. Chiu, G. S. Collins, Matthew Cox, Mallory E. DeCoster, Peter S. Ericksen, R. C. Espiritu, Alan S. Faber, T. L. Farnham, Fabio Ferrari, Zachary Fletcher, R. W. Gaskell, Dawn Graninger, Musad Haque, Patricia A. Harrington-Duff, Sarah Hefter, Isabel Herreros, Masatoshi Hirabayashi, Philip M. Huang, Syau-Yun W. Hsieh, Seth A. Jacobson, Stephen Jenkins, Mark Jensenius, Jeremy John, Martin Jutzi, T. Kohout, Timothy O. Krueger, Frank E. Laipert, Norberto R. Lopez, R. Luther, Alice Lucchetti, Declan Mages, S. Marchi, Anna C Martin, Maria E. McQuaide, Patrick Michel, Nicholas Moskovitz, Ian W. Murphy, Naomi Murdoch, Shantanu P. Naidu, Hari Nair, M. C. Nolan, Jens Ormö, M. Pajola, E. E. Palmer, J. Peachey, Petr Pravec, Sabina D. Raducan, K.T. Ramesh, Joshua Ramirez, E. Reynolds, Joshua E. Richman, Colas Robin, Luis M. Rodríguez, Lew Roufberg, Brian Rush, C. A. Sawyer, Daniel J. Scheeres, P. Scheirich, S. R. Schwartz, Matthew P. Shannon, Brett N. Shapiro, Caitlin E. Shearer, Evan J. Smith, Josh Steele, Jordan K. Steckloff, A. M. Stickle, J. M. Sunshine, Emil A. Superfin, Zahi Tarzi, Cristina A. Thomas, Justin Thomas, J. M. Trigo‐Rodríguez, B. Teresa Tropf, Andrew Vaughan, D. Velez, Dany Waller, D. WILSON, Kristin Wortman
Abstract
Abstract Although no known asteroid poses a threat to Earth for at least the next century, the catalogue of near-Earth asteroids is incomplete for objects whose impacts would produce regional devastation 1,2 . Several approaches have been proposed to potentially prevent an asteroid impact with Earth by deflecting or disrupting an asteroid 1–3 . A test of kinetic impact technology was identified as the highest-priority space mission related to asteroid mitigation 1 . NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is a full-scale test of kinetic impact technology. The mission’s target asteroid was Dimorphos, the secondary member of the S-type binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This binary asteroid system was chosen to enable ground-based telescopes to quantify the asteroid deflection caused by the impact of the DART spacecraft 4 . Although past missions have utilized impactors to investigate the properties of small bodies 5,6 , those earlier missions were not intended to deflect their targets and did not achieve measurable deflections. Here we report the DART spacecraft’s autonomous kinetic impact into Dimorphos and reconstruct the impact event, including the timeline leading to impact, the location and nature of the DART impact site, and the size and shape of Dimorphos. The successful impact of the DART spacecraft with Dimorphos and the resulting change in the orbit of Dimorphos 7 demonstrates that kinetic impactor technology is a viable technique to potentially defend Earth if necessary.