Culinary properties, nutritional quality, and in vitro starch digestibility of innovative gluten-free and climate smart cowpea-based pasta

Abstract

This study investigates the processability, culinary and rheological properties, biochemical composition and in-vitro starch digestibility of new gluten-free pasta formulated with whole cowpea flour alone or combined with teff and/or amaranth leaf flour(s). These pasta are compared with three wheat-based pasta with fiber content increasing from 4 % to 16 % g/100g, 16 % g/100g being the average fiber content of cowpea-based pasta. The pasta were processed using low temperature extrusion and drying. The antioxidant properties of amaranth leaf flour facilitated extrusion by limiting excessive aggregation of the dough during hydration/mixing that is attributed to lipoxygenase activity of cowpea flour. The optimal cooking time and cooking losses of cowpea-based pasta were similar to wheat-based pasta with comparable fiber content, highlighting fiber as a key factor influencing culinary properties. Adding teff to cowpea-based pasta reduced cooking losses and firmness. Although some micronutrients were lost during pasta processing and cooking, the consumption of a cooked portion of 100 g of dry cowpea-based pasta still covered FAO nutritional recommendations for protein, fiber, iron, zinc, and vitamin B9 targeting adult women. Adding amaranth leaves helped meet recommended beta-carotene levels. The in vitro slowly digestible starch content of cowpea-based pasta is similar to or higher than that of wheat-based pasta. • Gluten-free cowpea pasta can be produced using low temperature extrusion and drying. • High fiber content affects culinary properties more than the absence of gluten. • A portion of cowpea-based pasta meets nutritional recommendations for one meal. • Cowpea/amaranth leaf produces the most promising culinary and nutritional pasta. • Cowpea-based pasta have an interesting predicted low glycemic index.

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