High‐power and low‐cost sodium‐ion batteries with a wide operation temperature from −70 °C to 130 °C
Zhi Li, Yu Zhang, Yonggang Wang
Abstract
Abstract Low‐cost sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are promising candidates for grid‐scale energy‐storage systems, and the wide‐temperature operations of SIBs are highly demanded to accommodate extreme weather. Herein, a low‐cost SIB is fabricated with a Na 4 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 (NFPP) cathode, a natural graphite (NG) anode, and an ether‐based electrolyte. The prepared NG//NFPP batteries deliver a long lifespan of 1000 cycles, high‐power density of 5938 W/kg, and remarkable rate performance of 10 A/g with a high capacity retention of 60%. Benefiting from the solvent co‐intercalation process of the NG anode and the high Na + diffusion rate of the NFPP cathode, the NG//NFPP battery displays outstanding performance at −40 °C and even can work at an ultralow temperature of −70 °C. Furthermore, the high boiling point of the electrolytes and high thermal stability of the electrode materials also enable the high‐temperature operation of the full battery up to 130 °C. This work will guide the design of the wide‐temperature SIBs.