Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses
Luis Martínez‐Sobrido, Pilar Blanco-Lobo, Laura Rodríguez, Theresa Fitzgerald, Hanyuan Zhang, Phuong Nguyen‐Contant, Christopher Anderson, Jeanne Holden‐Wiltse, Sanjukta Bandyopadhyay, Aitor Nogales, Marta L. DeDiego, Brian R. Wasik, Benjamin L. Miller, Carole Henry, Patrick C. Wilson, Mark Y. Sangster, John J. Treanor, David J. Topham, Lauren Byrd-Leotis, David A. Steinhauer, Richard D. Cummings, Jasmina M. Luczo, S. Mark Tompkins, Kaori Sakamoto, Cheryl A. Jones, John Steel, Anice C. Lowen, Shamika Danzy, Hui Tao, Ashley L. Fink, Sabra L. Klein, Nicholas Wohlgemuth, Katherine Fenstermacher, Farah El Najjar, Andrew Pekosz, Lauren Sauer, Mitra Lewis, Kathryn Shaw‐Saliba, Richard E. Rothman, Zhen-Ying Liu, Kuan‐Fu Chen, Colin R. Parrish, Ian E. H. Voorhees, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Gabriele Neumann, S. Chiba, Shufang Fan, Masato Hatta, Huihui Kong, Gongxun Zhong, Guojun Wang, Melissa B. Uccellini, Adolfo García‐Sastre, Daniel R. Pérez, Lucas M. Ferreri, Sander Herfst, Mathilde Richard, Ron A. M. Fouchier, David F. Burke, David Pattinson, Derek J. Smith, Victoria Meliopoulos, Pamela Freiden, Brandi Livingston, Bridgett Sharp, Sean Cherry, Juan Carlos Dib, Guohua Yang, Charles J. Russell, Subrata Barman, Richard J. Webby, Scott Krauss, Angela Danner, Karlie Woodard, Malik Peiris, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Michael C. W. Chan, Elena A. Govorkova, Bindumadhav M. Marathe, Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua, Gavin J. D. Smith, Yao‐Tsun Li, Paul G. Thomas, Stacey Schultz‐Cherry
Abstract
The continual emergence of novel influenza A strains from non-human hosts requires constant vigilance and the need for ongoing research to identify strains that may pose a human public health risk. Since 1999, canine H3 influenza A viruses (CIVs) have caused many thousands or millions of respiratory infections in dogs in the United States. While no human infections with CIVs have been reported to date, these viruses could pose a zoonotic risk. In these studies, the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) network collaboratively demonstrated that CIVs replicated in some primary human cells and transmitted effectively in mammalian models. While people born after 1970 had little or no pre-existing humoral immunity against CIVs, the viruses were sensitive to existing antivirals and we identified a panel of H3 cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) that could have prophylactic and/or therapeutic value. Our data predict these CIVs posed a low risk to humans. Importantly, we showed that the CEIRS network could work together to provide basic research information important for characterizing emerging influenza viruses, although there were valuable lessons learned.