PPARs as Metabolic Regulators in the Liver: Lessons from Liver-Specific PPAR-Null Mice
Yaping Wang, Takero Nakajima, Frank J. Gonzalez, Naoki Tanaka
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, β/δ, and γ modulate lipid homeostasis. PPARα regulates lipid metabolism in the liver, the organ that largely controls whole-body nutrient/energy homeostasis, and its abnormalities may lead to hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, steatofibrosis, and liver cancer. PPARβ/δ promotes fatty acid β-oxidation largely in extrahepatic organs, and PPARγ stores triacylglycerol in adipocytes. Investigations using liver-specific PPAR-disrupted mice have revealed major but distinct contributions of the three PPARs in the liver. This review summarizes the findings of liver-specific PPAR-null mice and discusses the role of PPARs in the liver.
Topics & Concepts
SteatohepatitisSteatosisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptorFatty liverPeroxisomeInternal medicineLipid metabolismBiologyEndocrinologyHomeostasisEnergy homeostasisNuclear receptorGlucose homeostasisReceptorInsulin resistanceMedicineTranscription factorBiochemistryInsulinDiseaseGenePeroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsLiver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentMetabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer