Novel green synthesis of tin nanoparticles by medicinal plant: Chemical characterization and determination of cytotoxicity, cutaneous wound healing and antioxidant properties
Miaoqing Shu, Behnam Mahdavi, Aistė Balčiūnaitienė, Samaneh Goorani, Amir Mahdavi
Abstract
Abstract In the present study, tin nanoparticles were green‐synthesized using the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare leaf aqueous extract. The synthesized SnNPs (tin nanoparticles) were characterized by analytical techniques including EDX (energy dispersive X‐ray), FE‐SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X‐ray diffraction), UV–vis and FT‐IR (Fourier transform‐infrared). The cytotoxicity activity of SnNPs was evaluated using MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The nanoparticles were formed in a spherical shape in the range size of 26.45–38.53 nm. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of F. vulgare , SnNPs@FV (Sn nanoparticles@ F. vulgare ) and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) against DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) free radicals were 384, 119 and 71 µg/mL, respectively. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with SnNPs@FV were assessed by MTT assay for 48h about the cytotoxicity property on normal HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) cell line. In vivo experiment, SnNPs@FV ointment significantly decreased ( p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil and lymphocyte and notably increased ( p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid and fibrocyte compared to other groups in rats. Further clinical trials are necessary for confirmation of these remedial properties of SnNPs@FV in humans.