Radiation shielding ability and optical features of La2O3+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3+X2O3 (X=B, Ga, and In) glass system containing high-entropy oxides
Jamila S. Alzahrani, Z.A. Alrowaili, Canel Eke, Abeer S. Altowyan, I.O. Olarinoye, M.S. Al-Buriahi
Abstract
Three high entropy materials (La 2 O 3 +TiO 2 +Nb 2 O 5 +WO 3 +X 2 O 3 coded as LTNWM1, LTNWM2, and LTNWM3 for X = B, Ga, and In) produced by aerodynamic containerless processing were evaluated for optical attributes, and their gamma-radiation absorption abilities were investigated in this report. Optical related parameters such as the molar refractivity ( R m ), optical transmission ( T ), molar polarizability ( α m ), metallization criterion ( M ), reflection loss ( R L ), static ( ε s t a t i c ), and optical ( ε o p t i c a l ) dielectric constants were estimated through standard expressions, while photon attenuation parameters were estimated from data from photon transmission simulations in FLUKA code and XCOM software. The attenuation parameters were calculated for a wide energy photon spectrum (15 keV–15 MeV). LTNWM1, LTNWM2, and LTNWM3 had R m values of 18.94 cm 3 /mol, 21.45 cm 3 /mol, and 26.09 cm 3 /mol respectively. The α m has a value of 7.52 × 10 −24 cm 3 for LTNWM1, 8.51 × 10 −24 cm 3 for LTNWM2, and 10.35 × 10 −24 cm 3 for LTNWM3. The photon shielding parameters evaluated by FLUKA and XCOM are compatible. The mass attenuation coefficient for the glasses was between 0.0338 and 52.8261 cm 2 /g, 0.0336–58.0237 cm 2 /g, and 0.0344–52.1560 cm 2 /g for LTNWM1, LTNWM2 and LTNWM3, respectively. The effective atomic number at 1.5 MeV was 18.718, 20.857, and 22.440 for LTNWM1, LTNWM2, and LTNWM3, respectively. The shielding parameters of the HMOs compared to traditional gamma radiation absorbers are exceptional and highlight the potential of using them as optically transparent gamma-shields.