Defining the Behavior of IoT Devices Through the MUD Standard: Review, Challenges, and Research Directions
José L. Hernández-Ramos, Sara N. Matheu, Angelo Feraudo, Gianmarco Baldini, Jorge Bernal Bernabé, Poonam Yadav, Antonio Skármeta, Paolo Bellavista
Abstract
With the strong development of the Internet of Things (IoT), the definition of IoT devices’ intended behavior is key for an effective detection of potential cybersecurity attacks and threats in an increasingly connected environment. In 2019, the Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD) was standardized within the IETF as a data model and architecture for defining, obtaining and deploying MUD files, which describe the network behavioral profiles of IoT devices. While it has attracted a strong interest from academia, industry, and Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs), MUD is not yet widely deployed in real-world scenarios. In this work, we analyze the current research landscape around this standard, and describe some of the main challenges to be considered in the coming years to foster its adoption and deployment. Based on the literature analysis and our own experience in this area, we further describe potential research directions exploiting the MUD standard to encourage the development of secure IoT-enabled scenarios.