Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune and IgG4-related hypophysitis: clinical guidelines of the Japan Endocrine Society
Hiroshi Takagi, Shintaro Iwama, Yoshihisa Sugimura, Yutaka Takahashi, Yutaka Oki, Takashi Akamizu, Hiroshi Arima
Abstract
Hypophysitis, which is often accompanied by pituitary dysfunction, is classified into several subtypes based on the cause, histology, and the location of inflammation in the pituitary gland. A definitive diagnosis requires pituitary biopsy, which is invasive, and the process is limited to specialized clinical settings. In this opinion paper, we review the literature associated with hypophysitis, and provide the guidelines of the Japan Endocrine Society for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune and IgG4-related hypophysitis.
Topics & Concepts
HypophysitisEndocrine systemMedicinePituitary glandInternal medicineHormonePituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsIgG4-Related and Inflammatory DiseasesNeuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances