Flexible Physical Unclonable Functions Based on Non-deterministically Distributed Dye-Doped Fibers and Droplets
Mauro Daniel Luigi Bruno, Giuseppe Emanuele Lio, Antonio Ferraro, Sara Nocentini, Giuseppe Papuzzo, Agostino Forestiero, Giovanni Desiderio, Maria Penelope De Santo, Diederik S. Wiersma, Roberto Caputo, Giovanni Golemme, Francesco Riboli, R. Barberi
Abstract
The development of new anticounterfeiting solutions is a constant challenge and involves several research fields. Much interest is currently devoted to systems that are impossible to clone, based on the physical unclonable function (PUF) paradigm. In this work, a new strategy based on electrospinning and electrospraying of dye-doped polymeric materials is presented for the manufacturing of flexible free-standing films that embed simultaneously different PUF keys. The proposed films can be used to fabricate novel anticounterfeiting labels having three encryption levels: (i) a map of fluorescent polymer droplets, with random positions on a dense yarn of polymer nanofibers, (ii) a characteristic fluorescence spectrum for each label, and (iii) the unique speckle patterns that every label produces when illuminated with coherent laser light shaped in different wavefronts. The intrinsic uniqueness introduced by the manufacturing process encodes enough complexity into the optical anticounterfeiting tag to generate thousands of cryptographic keys. The simple and cheap fabrication process as well as multilevel authentication makes such colored polymeric unclonable tags a practical solution in the secure protection of goods in our daily life.