The Handbook of Paper-Based Sensors and Devices
Korotcenkov, Ghenadii
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of cellulose and cellulosebased paper in organic, flexible, printed, and wearable electronics, not only as a paper substrate but also as active materials or components in composite materials, where cellulose provides mechanical strength and favorable three-dimensional microstructure.Paper is a form of 2D material that is chemically processed from cellulose fibers.One should note that cellulose is the most abundant and renewable natural polymer on earth.Cellulose is the major constituent in all plants.However, cellulose is known to be in higher concentration in a plant stem than in its leaves.Moreover, cellulose is found in various sources, not only limited to plants (wood, annual crops, and residual agricultural waste) but also in marine animals (tunicates), algae, fungi, bacteria, invertebrates, and even amoeba.Over the last three decades, scientists have explored different ways to incorporate the unique properties of paper into electronics and sensorics.Due to its remarkable physical properties, mechanical strength, special surface chemistry, large area-to-volume ratio, optical transparency, excellent biological properties of cellulose, low cost, and solution processability, nanocellulose is widely used as a support for electronically active materials in applications, such as chemical, physical, optical, and biosensors and electronic devices for biomedicine, environment monitoring, healthcare, and energy technologies.By now, especially in recent years, a lot of books have been published on nanocellulose and its applications.Among them are the following: N.