High‐Performance MnO<sub>2</sub>/Al Battery with In Situ Electrochemically Reformed Al<i><sub>x</sub></i>MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanosphere Cathode
Wending Pan, Jianjun Mao, Yifei Wang, Xiaolong Zhao, Kee Wah Leong, Shijing Luo, Yue Chen, Dennis Y.C. Leung
Abstract
Abstract Aqueous Al–ion battery (AAIB) is regarded as a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage systems due to its high capacity, high safety, and low cost, with MnO 2 proved to be a high‐performance cathode. However, the potential commercial application of this type of battery is plagued by the frequent structural collapse of MnO 2 . Herein, an in situ, electrochemically reformed, urchin‐like Al x MnO 2 cathode is developed for water‐in‐salt electrolyte‐based AAIBs. Benefiting from its unique α‐MnO 2 coated Mn 2 AlO 4 structure, a high Al ion storage capacity is achieved together with a high discharge voltage plateau of 1.9 V by reversible MnO 2 electrolysis. Consequently, the battery exhibits a high specific capacity of 285 mAh g –1 and a high energy density of 370 Wh kg –1 at a high current density of 500 mA g –1 . Improved stability with record capacity retention is also obtained at an ultrahigh current density of 5 A g –1 after 500 cycles. Such a high‐capacity and high‐stability Al x MnO 2 cathode would pave the way for in situ electrochemical transformation of cathode design and thus boost the practical application of AAIBs.