Structure and Stability of the Iodide Elpasolite, Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiI<sub>6</sub>
Kyle T. Kluherz, Sebastian T. Mergelsberg, James J. De Yoreo, Daniel R. Gamelin
Abstract
Iodide elpasolites (or double perovskites, A 2 B′B″I 6, B′ = M +, B″ = M 3+ ) are predicted to be promising alternatives to lead-based perovskite semiconductors for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications, but no iodide elpasolite has ever been definitively prepared or structurally characterized. Iodide elpasolites are widely predicted to be unstable due to favorable decomposition to the competing A 3 B 2 I 9 (B = M 3+ ) phase. Here, we report the results of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray total scattering measurements on putative Cs 2 AgBiI 6 nanocrystals made via anion exchange from parent Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 nanocrystals. Rietveld refinement of XRD and pair distribution functions (PDF) data shows that these nanocrystals indeed exhibit a tetragonal ( I 4̅ m ) elpasolite structure, making them the first example of a structurally characterized iodide elpasolite. A series of experiments probing structural relaxation and the effects of surface ligation or grain size all point to the critical role of surface free energy in stabilizing the iodide elpasolite phase in these nanocrystals.