Review: Dietary cation-anion difference to prevent hypocalcemia with emphasis on over-acidification in prepartum dairy cows
Pedro Meléndez, Prasanth K. Chelikani
Abstract
Hypocalcemia remains a common metabolic disorder of dairy cattle; therefore, an efficient prevention is still challenging. Among the various prevention strategies for hypocalcemia is the use of anionic compounds to induce a mild metabolic acidosis during the prepartum period. Acid-base status can be readily assessed through urine pH. Accordingly, a target urine pH during the prepartum period between 6.0 and 6.8 has been recommended for Holstein cows; however, in several countries, including the US, certain nutritional strategies are still focused on benchmarking the urine pH to below 6.0. Unfortunately, over-acidification can have no advantages and/or detrimental effects on both the dam and her offspring. In this review, updated information regarding the use of anionic diets on prepartum dairy cows and the potential negative impact of such diets on both cow and calf performance are discussed. There is an urgent need for studies that will elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms by which very acidotic diets may impact the well-being and productive efficiency of dairy cows, and the transgenerational effects of such diets on offspring performance and survival.