Energy-Level Manipulation in Novel Indacenodithiophene-Based Donor–Acceptor Polymers for Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors
Gurudutt Bhat, Qian Liu, Marcin Kielar, Yuya Hamada, Tsuyoshi Michinobu, Pankaj Sah, Aung Ko Ko Kyaw, Ajay K. Pandey, Prashant Sonar
Abstract
Organic photodetectors (OPDs) are promising candidates for next-generation digital imaging and wearable sensors due to their low cost, tuneable optoelectrical properties combined with high-level performance, and solution-processed fabrication techniques. However, OPD detection is often limited to shorter wavelengths, whereas photodetection in the near-infrared (NIR) region is increasingly being required for wearable electronics and medical device applications. NIR sensing suffers from low responsivity and high dark currents. A common approach to enhance NIR photon detection is lowering the optical band gap via donor–acceptor (D–A) molecular engineering. Herein, we present the synthesis of two novel indacenodithiophene (IDT)-based D–A conjugated polymers, namely, PDPPy-IT and PSNT-IT via palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling reactions. These novel polymers exhibit optical band gaps of 1.81 and 1.27 eV for PDPPy-IT and PSNT-IT, respectively, with highly desirable visible and NIR light detection through energy-level manipulation. Moreover, excellent materials’ solubility and thin-film processability allow easy incorporation of these polymers as an active layer into OPDs for light detection. In the case of PSNT-IT devices, a photodetection up to 1000 nm is demonstrated with a peak sensitivity centered at 875 nm, whereas PDPPy-IT devices are efficient in detecting the visible spectrum with the highest sensitivity at 660 nm. Overall, both OPDs exhibit spectral responsivities up to 0.11 A W–1 and dark currents in the nA cm–2 range. With linear dynamic ranges exceeding 140 dB and fast response times recorded below 100 μs, the use of novel IDT-based polymers in OPDs shows great potential for wearable optoelectronics.