Scalable On-Chain and Off-Chain Blockchain for Sharing Economy in Large-Scale Wireless Networks
Ting Cai, Wuhui Chen, Kostas E. Psannis, Sotirios K. Goudos, Yang Yu, Zibin Zheng, Shaohua Wan
Abstract
In the future sharing economy, billions of underutilized IoT devices will be deployed to enable a powerful and large-scale sharing market that produces economic, environmental, and social benefits. Given the fact that communications in numerous IoT devices through wireless links are unreliable, blockchain technology, as a promising solution, has emerged to achieve reliable and secure sharing services in a decentralized manner. However, applying blockchain in large-scale wireless networks confronts scalability challenges. This motivates us to propose a real-time, trusted data interactive, and fine-grained transaction supportable sharing framework, the core of which is a novel two-layer scaling blockchain design. In the on-chain layer, sharing-oriented sharding is employed to enable secure and efficient processing of macro-transactions on the chain. In the off-chain layer, cross-zone off-chain channels are set up to provide real-time sharing transactions with high-frequency micro-trading scenarios. Finally, a proof-of-concept case study of electric vehicle sharing data is implemented with experimental results to demonstrate the feasibility of our framework.