Sliver Nanoparticles: A Promising Strategy in Preventive Dentistry
Alireza Asadi, Melika Rezaee, Yasamin Ghahramani
Abstract
Dental biofilms are an important factor in the etiology of oral diseases, such as caries and periodontitis, and have posed a serious challenge to standard antimicrobial therapies. A good alternative is the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have strong antibacterial properties, a broad-spectrum range of activity, and good penetration through biofilms. The present review discusses the mechanism of AgNPs in the disruption of biofilm development by means of damage to bacterial cell walls, metabolic interference, and ROS generation. The effect of AgNPs is much better than that of regular antimicrobial agents, implying a low chance of developing resistance by bacteria and therefore better oral health outcomes. Incorporated into toothpaste, mouthwash, or dental coatings, the materials could further enhance long-term protection and adhesion inhibition of biofilms. Therefore, AgNPs show promise in dentistry. However, finding materials suitable for human use will be a great challenge, long-term effects, and optimal concentrations require further investigation. This review highlights recent advancements, applications, and challenges associated with AgNPs in dental biofilm control, emphasizing their role as a promising strategy for preventing oral infections.