Public perceptions of responsible AI in local government: A multi-country study using the theory of planned behaviour
Anne David, Tan Yiğitcanlar, Kevin C. Desouza, Karen Mossberger, Pauline Hope Cheong, Juan M. Corchado, Prithvi Bhat Beeramoole, Alexander Paz
Abstract
The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significant implications for local government service delivery , offering considerable advantages alongside inherent risks that warrant careful management. While responsible AI has become a focal point in academic and policy discussions, public perceptions remain marginal in these debates. This paper explores how behavioural factors along with perceived risk, local government AI policy awareness and policy expectations influence public intentions to support local government responsible AI practices. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study examines a multi-factor survey through Confirmatory Factor Analysis , followed by Structural Equation Modelling to assess relationships between key factors. A survey questionnaire, conducted with participants from Australia, the United States, and Spain via the Prolific platform, reveals key insights: (a) perceived risk exhibit a stronger influence than other factors; (b) policy awareness plays a critical role in shaping public intention towards support for responsible practices; (c) greater AI policy awareness correlates with more realistic expectations of local government AI policies; (d) social influence lacks a notable impact in this context. These findings provide valuable guidance for urban policymakers in crafting AI strategies that promote responsible AI implementation within local government services.