COVID-19: Rapid antigen detection for SARS-CoV-2 by lateral flow assay: A national systematic evaluation of sensitivity and specificity for mass-testing
Tim Peto, Dominic P. Affron, Babak Afrough, Anita Agasu, Mark Ainsworth, Alison Allanson, Katherine Allen, Collette Allen, Lorraine Archer, Natasha Ashbridge, Iman Aurfan, Miriam Avery, Ellena Badenoch, Priya Bagga, Rishab Balaji, Ella Baldwin, Sophie Barraclough, Carol Beane, John I. Bell, Tracy Benford, S Bird, Marina Bishop, Angela Bloss, Richard Body, R. W. Boulton, Abbie Bown, Carla Bratten, Chris Bridgeman, Dominic Britton, Tim Brooks, Margaret Broughton-Smith, Pauline Brown, Beverley Buck, Elaine Butcher, Wendy Byrne, Gloria Calderón, Siobhán Campbell, Olívia Carr, Penny Carter, Daniel Carter, Megan Cathrall, Matthew Catton, Jim Chadwick, David Chapman, Kevin Chau, Tanzina Chaudary, Shaolin Chidavaenzi, Samatha Chilcott, Bea Choi, Hannah Claasen, Simon Clark, Richard Clarke, Dawn Clarke, Richard Clayton, Kayleigh Collins, Rima Colston, James J. Connolly, Eloïse Cook, Marie Corcoran, B. K. CORLEY, Laura Costello, Caroline Coulson, Ant Crook, Derrick W. Crook, Silvia D’Arcangelo, Mary-Anne Darby, John Davis, Rosaline de Koning, Pauline Derbyshire, Pam Devall, Mark Dolman, Natalie Draper, Mark D. Driver, Sarah Dyas, Emily Eaton, Joy Edwards, Ruth A. Elderfield, Kate Ellis, Graham Ellis, Sue Elwell, Rachel Evans, Becky Evans, Marion W. Evans, Ranoromanana Evans, David W. Eyre, Codie Fahey, Vanessa Fenech, Janet Field, Alice Field, Tom Foord, Tom Fowler, Mollie French, Hannah E. Fuchs, Jasmine Gan, Joseph Gernon, Geeta Ghadiali, Narindar Ghuman, Kerry Gibbons, Gurvinder Gill, Kate Gilmour
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lateral flow device (LFD) viral antigen immunoassays have been developed around the world as diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection. They have been proposed to deliver an infrastructure-light, cost-economical solution giving results within half an hour. METHODS: LFDs were initially reviewed by a Department of Health and Social Care team, part of the UK government, from which 64 were selected for further evaluation from 1st August to 15th December 2020. Standardised laboratory evaluations, and for those that met the published criteria, field testing in the Falcon-C19 research study and UK pilots were performed (UK COVID-19 testing centres, hospital, schools, armed forces). FINDINGS: 4/64 LFDs so far have desirable performance characteristics (orient Gene, Deepblue, Abbott and Innova SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Qualitative Test). All these LFDs have a viral antigen detection of >90% at 100,000 RNA copies/ml. 8951 Innova LFD tests were performed with a kit failure rate of 5.6% (502/8951, 95% CI: 5.1-6.1), false positive rate of 0.32% (22/6954, 95% CI: 0.20-0.48). Viral antigen detection/sensitivity across the sampling cohort when performed by laboratory scientists was 78.8% (156/198, 95% CI 72.4-84.3). INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest LFDs have promising performance characteristics for mass population testing and can be used to identify infectious positive individuals. The Innova LFD shows good viral antigen detection/sensitivity with excellent specificity, although kit failure rates and the impact of training are potential issues. These results support the expanded evaluation of LFDs, and assessment of greater access to testing on COVID-19 transmission. FUNDING: Department of Health and Social Care. University of Oxford. Public Health England Porton Down, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, National Institute of Health Research.