Social Support Buffers Against Cognitive Decline in Single Mild Traumatic Brain Injury With Loss of Consciousness: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Marc Bedard, Vanessa Taler
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We investigated rates of cognitive decline at 3-year follow-up from initial examination in people reporting mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with loss of consciousness (LOC) more than a year prior to initial examination. We examined the role of social support as predictor of preserved cognitive function in this sample. METHOD: Analyses were conducted on 440 participants who had self-reported LOC of <1 min, 350 with LOC of 1-20 min, and 10,712 healthy controls, taken from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), a nationwide study on health and aging. RESULTS: People who reported at baseline that they had experienced mTBI with LOC of 1-20 min more than a year prior were 60% more likely to have experienced global cognitive decline than controls at three-year follow-up. Cognitive decline was most apparent on measures of executive functioning. Logistic regression identified increased social support as predictors of relatively preserved cognitive function. DISCUSSION: mTBI with longer time spent unconscious (i.e., LOC 1-20 min) is associated with greater cognitive decline years after the head injury. Perceived social support, particularly emotional support, may help buffer against this cognitive decline.