Strong Ocean/Sea‐Ice Contrasts Observed in Satellite‐Derived Ice Crystal Number Concentrations in Arctic Ice Boundary‐Layer Clouds
Iris Papakonstantinou Presvelou, Odran Sourdeval, Johannes Quaas
Abstract
Abstract The Arctic climate changes at a faster rate than the rest of the globe. Boundary‐layer clouds may play an important role in this change. At temperatures below 0°C, mixed‐phase clouds exist and their phase and longevity is influenced by the abundance of ice crystals, which in turn is a function of aerosols serving as ice nucleating particles (INPs). Previous in situ studies suggested a local source of INPs due to biological activity over open ocean. Here we investigate ice crystal concentrations in clouds below 2 km at a large scale, by exploiting a newly developed data set—DARDAR‐Nice—retrieved from active satellite remote sensing. The data set spans from 2006 to 2016. Contrary to previous expectation, we find that at a given latitude and temperature, there are more ice crystals over sea ice than over open ocean. This enhancement is particularly found in clouds south of 70°N, and also at temperatures between 0°C and −10°C.