Impact of UV-C on material degradation: a scoping literature review
Daniel Suh, Stacey Hockett Sherlock, Kimberly Dukes, Eli N. Perencevich, Alexandre R. Marra
Abstract
Background: Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation has emerged as a widely adopted disinfection technology in healthcare settings due to its germicidal effectiveness. However, concerns have grown regarding the potential degradation of materials, particularly polymeric surfaces, subjected to repeated UV-C exposure. Understanding the extent, mechanism, and contributing factors of UV-C-induced material degradation is essential for safe and sustainable implementation. Methods: We conducted a scoping literature review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to evaluate evidence on UV-C-related material degradation. Multiple databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 2000, and August 30, 2024, investigating material degradation under UV-C radiation (100-280 nm) in potentially healthcare-relevant conditions. Data abstraction captured study design, UV-C exposure characteristics, material types, degradation types, and assessment methods. Results: Of the 56 studies reviewed, 14 met inclusion criteria. All employed experimental designs conducted in laboratory settings. UV-C exposure resulted in both visible and structural degradation of several polymeric materials. Polycarbonate, HDPE, and PLA were the most affected, exhibiting yellowing, surface cracking, and loss of mechanical strength. Degradation was time-, dose-, and distance-dependent, with longer exposure, higher irradiance, and shorter distance correlating with more severe damage. Detection methods included visual inspection, microscopy, spectroscopy, and nanoindentation. Some studies reported UV stabilizers and antioxidant additives as potential mitigation strategies. Conclusions: UV-C radiation can cause significant degradation of commonly used polymeric materials. These findings underscore the need for careful selection of materials in UV-C environments and support further research on mitigation strategies to enhance material longevity.