Surface alteration of Cobalt-Chromium and duplex stainless steel alloys for biomedical applications: a concise review
Amit Mahajan, Sandeep Devgan, Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
Abstract
Metallic biomaterials, though certified biocompatible, does not hold good for a long period given the ionic leaching. Biomaterial surface alterations are therefore crucial for addressing the complexity of the biological system and increasing bioimplant function. Cell proliferation and regeneration on implants have taken a leap with the advancement of biomaterials, tissue engineering and surface modification techniques. Further, materials surface functionalization hastens the development and design of next-generation biomaterials and medical devices. This article focuses on the cutting-edge methods for altering the surface of implants to improve their overall performance and longevity with an emphasis on two significant metallic biomaterials viz. cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) and duplex stainless steel (DSS). Different surface modification approaches employed to enhance the significant properties such as biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and wear performances of Co-Cr and DSS alloys are reviewed. Furthermore, a futuristic surface modification technique is suggested that has the potential for investigating challenges like bioimplant manufacturing and precise sculpting is proposed.