Graphene Oxide as a Carrier for Drug Delivery of Methotrexate
Hani Nasser Abdelhamid, Hany Kamal, Hussein, M Sciacovelli, C Schmidt, E Maher, C Frezza, H Wang, M Naghavi, C Allen, Rm; Barber, Z Bhutta, H Abdelhamid, A Talib, H.-F Wu, H Abdelhamid, M Dowaidar, Langel, H Abdelhamid, M Dowaidar, M Hllbrink, Langel, Hn; Abdelhamid, H El-Bery, A Metwally, M Elshazly, R Hathout, S Sultan, Abdelhamid, X Hn; Zou, A Mathew, Cellomof, M Dowaidar, H Nasser Abdelhamid, M Hllbrink, Langel, X Zou, M Dowaidar, H Abdelhamid, M Hllbrink, X Zou, Langel, M Dowaidar, H Abdelhamid, M Hllbrink, K Freimann, K Kurrikoff, X Zou, Langel, D Peer, J Karp, S Hong, O Farokhzad, R Margalit, R Langer, T Barclay, Day, N Cm; Petrovsky, S Garg, H Abdelhamid, H Abdelhamid, H Abdelhamid, H.-F Wu, A George, P Shah, P Shrivastav, Y.-L Liu, D Chen, P Shang, D.-C Yin, J Gudbergsson, K Jnsson, J Simonsen, K Johnsen, Hn; Abdelhamid, W Sharmoukh, M Yousef, H Abdelhamid, M Hidalgo, R Fathy, L Gmez-Gascn, J Dorado, H Abdelhamid, G Mahmoud, -E Sharmouk, W, M Zulfajri, Abdelhamid, S Hn; Sudewi, S Dayalan, A Rasool, A Habib, G Huang, K Sekar, A Hani Nasser, H Nazim, W Hui-Fen, H Abdelhamid, H.-F Wu, Z.-Y Chen
Abstract
Nanomaterials, including carbon-based nanoparticles, have been applied as carriers for anticancer drugs. This short communication reported the synthesis, cytotoxicity, and drug delivery of methotrexate using graphene oxide (GO) as a carrier. GO was synthesized following Hummer's method. It was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data analysis confirms the synthesis of GO with high crystallinity and lamellae morphology. GO showed a high cytocompatibility toward the human EA.hy926 endothelial cells. GO has been used as a carrier for the anticancer drug; methotrexate. The drug delivery was tested for hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 cells), human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293A cells), and porcine skin fibroblasts (PEF).