Promising probiotic-fermented soymilk for alleviating acute diarrhea: insights into the microbiome and metabolomics
Philippe Madjirebaye, Zhen Peng, Abdul Mueed, Tao Huang, Fei Peng, Yammadjita Allasra, Mbaiguebada Etienne Benar, Zhengchen Hu, Mingyong Xie, Tao Xiong
Abstract
). Moreover, metabolomics analysis showed that lipid metabolites such as lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) and sphingolipids were upregulated in the NG group, closely related to pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and the aforementioned pathogenic bacteria. Notably, in treatment groups, especially FSM4, the accumulation of L-ornithine, aspartic acid, ursocholic acid, 18-oxooleate, and cyclopentanethiol was increased, which was robustly associated with the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and beneficial bacteria mentioned above. Therefore, it can be inferred that the amino acids, bile acid, 18-oxooleate, and cyclopentanethiol produced in the FSM4 group can serve as metabolic biomarkers, which synergistically act with the gut microbiota to help alleviate inflammation for diarrhea remission. Overall, FSM4 may provide a new alternative, as an anti-inflammatory diet, to alleviate diarrhea.