Anti–β2-glycoprotein I and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies interfere with cleavage of factor V(a) by activated protein C
Tessa Noordermeer, Soumaya Chemlal, J. Jansma, Vossa van der Vegte, Roger E. G. Schutgens, Maarten Limper, Philip G. de Groot, Joost C.M. Meijers, Rolf T. Urbanus
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The acquired thrombotic risk factor known as lupus anticoagulant (LA) interferes with laboratory clotting assays and can be caused by autoantibodies against β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) and prothrombin. LA is associated with activated protein C (APC) resistance, which might contribute to thrombotic risk in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. How antibodies against β2GPI and prothrombin cause APC resistance is currently unclear. OBJECTIVES: To investigate how anti-β2GPI and antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin (PS/PT) antibodies induce APC resistance. METHODS: The effects of anti-β2GPI and anti-PS/PT antibodies on APC resistance were studied in plasma (of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome) and with purified coagulation factors and antibodies. RESULTS: APC resistance was observed in LA-positive patients with anti-β2GPI or anti-PS/PT antibodies and in normal plasma spiked with monoclonal anti-β2GPI or anti-PS/PT antibodies with LA activity. Analysis of factor (F)V cleavage patterns after APC incubation indicated that anti-β2GPI antibodies attenuated APC-mediated FV cleavage at R506 and R306. APC-mediated cleavage at R506 is required for FV cofactor activity during inactivation of FVIIIa. Assays with purified coagulation factors confirmed that anti-β2GPI antibodies interfered with the cofactor function of FV during FVIIIa inactivation but not with FVa inactivation. Anti-PS/PT antibodies attenuated APC-mediated FVa and FVIIIa inactivation. Analysis of FV(a) cleavage patterns after APC incubation indicated that anti-PS/PT antibodies interfere with APC-mediated cleavage of FV at positions R506 and R306. CONCLUSION: Anti-β2GPI antibodies with LA activity contribute to a procoagulant state by causing APC resistance via interference with the cofactor function of FV during FVIIIa inactivation. LA-causing anti-PS/PT antibodies interfere with the anticoagulant function of APC by preventing FV(a) cleavage.