Radio-Frequency Sweeps at Microtesla Fields for Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Biomolecules
Alastair Marshall, Alon Salhov, Martin Gierse, Christoph Müller, Michael Keim, Sebastian Lucas, Anna J. Parker, Jochen Scheuer, Christophoros C. Vassiliou, Philipp Neumann, Fedor Jelezko, Alex Retzker, John W. Blanchard, Ilai Schwartz, Stephan Knecht
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of 13 C-labeled metabolites enhanced by parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) enables real-time monitoring of processes within the body. We introduce a robust, easily implementable technique for transferring parahydrogen-derived singlet order into 13 C magnetization using adiabatic radio frequency sweeps at microtesla fields. We experimentally demonstrate the applicability of this technique to several molecules, including some molecules relevant for metabolic imaging, where we show significant improvements in the achievable polarization, in some cases reaching above 60% nuclear spin polarization. Furthermore, we introduce a site-selective deuteration scheme, where deuterium is included in the coupling network of a pyruvate ester to enhance the efficiency of the polarization transfer. These improvements are enabled by the fact that the transfer protocol avoids relaxation induced by strongly coupled quadrupolar nuclei.