Surface-Displayed Porcine IFN-λ3 in Lactobacillus plantarum Inhibits Porcine Enteric Coronavirus Infection of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Yongshi Liu, Qiong Liu, Yanlong Jiang, Wentao Yang, Haibin Huang, Chunwei Shi, Guilian Yang, Chunfeng Wang
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response to viral infection. Interferon- (IFN-), also referred to as type III IFN, belongs to the family of cytokines that shares similarity with the IFN-/ family and was recently discovered, in 2003 [1, 2]. IFN-3 comprises two family members in swine (IFN-1 and IFN-3) IFN-3 is rapidly produced after infection and leads to stimulation of the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, inducing the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) to modulate antiviral activity. Recently, IFN-3 was found to have a dominant impact in mucosae, including the epithelial surfaces of the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems The IFN-3 receptor consists of two chains (the IFN-R1 signaling chain-a single heterodimeric receptor and the IL-10Rb auxiliary chain). However, IFN-R1 is predominantly expressed on epithelial cells. Thus, IFN-3 is expected to be an antiviral agent for mucosae.